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CLAPIS PACHECO CHAVEZ Maria Luiza
Le Musée du Mouvement des Sans Terre au Brésil : l'émergence d'un nouveau type de musée et d'une nouvelle muséologie
Thèse en Philosophie - Etude des systèmes soutenue le 26 septembre 2015
In the present work, we aim, first and foremost, to conceive a museum of the Landless Rural Workers Mouvement (MST) in Brazil. The struggle of the landless is one of the most important social and political phenomena in the history of this country. The Mouvement, mainstay of the popular mobilisation in Brasil, is the main reference in the figth against social inequality and neoliberalism, a force that leads to a strengthening in the concentration of wealth, inherent to the capitalist system, and socioeconomic disparities. First, we analyse the conception of this museum, its feautures, objectives, its importance for the social, economic and political development of Brazil and the feasibility of its implementation. We will see that the MST Museum presents a new kind of museum, one we define as a Struggle Museum, within de contexte of a new museology designated as Museology of Contemporaneity. This new museology highlights the need to adapt or update the objectives of social museums, which were stablished by the New Museology mouvement of 1970-1980, in order to take into account the problems and collective aspirations of ours time. We will try to understand why the museums of New Museology have become ineffective relative to their original goals and how the Museology of Contemporaneity can provide a way out of a situation of inertia and help them play their role as social and political levers more effectively. Finally, with the conception of the Struggle Museum and its Museologie of Contemporaneity, we hope to open up new perspectives for the development of social museology, wherein it operates ; a politically-engaged museology in service of the creation of a better world, of human dignity, equality and social justice.
Mots clés : Mouvement des Travailleurs Ruraux Sans Terre (MST) ; réforme agraire ; mémoire de lutte ; développement social ; néolibéralisme ; Musée du MST ; Musée de Lutte ; Muséologie de la Contemporanéité ; Nouvelle Muséologie ; musée communautaire.
Keywords : Landless Rural Workers Mouvement (MST) ; agrarian reform ; struggle memory ; social development ; neoliberalism ; MST Museum ; Struggle Museum ; Museology of Contemporaneity ; New Museology ; community museum.
Directeur de thèse : Bernard DELOCHE
Heloisa HF GONCALVES DA COSTA
Membres du jury :
- François MAIRESSE, Professeur des universités, ±«²Ô¾±±¹±ð°ù²õ¾±³Ùé Paris 3, Sorbonne Nouvelle
- Serge CHAUMIER, Professeur des universités, ±«²Ô¾±±¹±ð°ù²õ¾±³Ùé d’Artois
- Hugues DE VARINE-BOHAN, Consultant, ancien directeur de l’ICOM
- Heloisa Helena F. GONCALVES DA COSTA, Professeur adjoint, ±«²Ô¾±±¹±ð°ù²õ¾±³Ùé Fédérale de Bahia, Brésil
- Bernard DELOCHE, Professeur émérite, ±«²Ô¾±±¹±ð°ù²õ¾±³Ùé Jean Moulin LYON 3
Président du jury : François MAIRESSE
Mention : Honorable
Equipe d'accueil : IRPHIL